净化方法：化学品种类繁多，然而处理的方法通常透过中和反应、氧化反应、还还原反应或吸索等来达致净化清理效果。

Purification method: a large variety of chemicals, but the processing methods usually through neutralization reaction, oxidation reaction, reduction reaction or absorption cable to achieve the cleansing effect.

1.中和反应

1. neutralization reaction

倘若泄漏酸性或碱性化学品，可考虑采用中和反应将之中和，将泄漏物转为危害轻微的物质，从而减低泄漏化学品的危害。中和反应目的是透过酸和碱的相互作用产生酸碱度尽量接近中性的溶液。所采取的中和程序需视乎泄漏物的酸碱度、浓度、扩散面积及泄漏量而定。

If acidic or alkaline chemicals are leaked, neutralization reactions can be considered to neutralize the leaks into hazardous substances, thereby reducing the harm of leakage chemicals. The purpose of neutralization is to produce acidity and alkalinity as close to neutral as possible through the interaction of acid and alkali. The neutralization procedure adopted depends on the pH, concentration, diffusion area and leakage of the leakage.

在中和泄漏物之前，必须先用沙和土壤等不助燃物质将之围堵，再缓缓地加入中和剂。酸性物质地中和剂包括：石灰、苏打灰、碳酸钙、重碳酸钠或石灰石;由于高浓度强酸与水会产生剧烈反应，故只可以选用干性的中和剂。至于中和碱性溶液，可使用稀释的氢氯酸或醋酸溶液做中和剂。当反应完成后，可用不助燃性物质来吸索剂及铲起，再用适当容器盛载及盖封待弃置。

Before neutralizing leaks, we must first use sand and soil and other non - combustion substances to block them, and then slowly add neutralizer. Neutralization agents for acid substances include lime, soda ash, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or limestone. Because high concentration strong acid will react violently with water, dry neutralizer can only be used. As for the neutralization of alkaline solution, the diluted hydrochloric acid or acetic acid solution can be used as a neutralizer. When the reaction is completed, it can be used for absorbing and shoveling without a combustion supporting substance, and then the proper container is loaded and sealed to be discarded.

工作人员须注意在中和反应会产生热能，可产生有害烟雾及容易飞溅，所以在反应过程重须穿戴个人防护装备。

The staff must pay attention to the heat energy produced in the neutralization reaction, which can produce harmful smoke and spatter easily, so the personal protective equipment must be worn in the reaction process.

2.氧化反应

2. oxidation reaction

氧化反应之净化方法乃利用化学反应将氧加到化合物里，从而减低泄漏物的危害。可透过氧化反应来处理的泄漏物包括：氰化物溶液、苯酚及其他有机物质。但氧化反应是较难控制的，而且往往会在反应过程重产生大量热能、有毒的中间物及有毒气体。如采用氧化反应来处理大量泄漏物时，执行人员必须经过有关训练，或在化学能手监督下方可进行。

The purification method of the oxidation reaction is to use the chemical reaction to add oxygen to the compound, thereby reducing the harm of the leakage. The leaks that can be treated by oxidation include cyanide solution, phenol and other organic matter. However, the oxidation reaction is more difficult to control and often reproduces a large amount of heat, toxic intermediates and toxic gases in the reaction process. If an oxidizing reaction is used to deal with a large number of leaks, the executor must be trained, or under the supervision of a chemical expert.

3.还原反应

3. reduction reaction

还原反应及透过化学反应将电子释放到泄漏物质里，从而减低它的危害。可透过还原反应来处理的泄漏物有重金属的溶液，如水银、铅或铬。然而还原反应如同氧化反应一样是较难控制，而且在反应过程中可产生大量热量、有毒的中间物及有毒气体。如采用还原反应来处理大量泄漏物时，执行人员必须经过有关训练，或在化学能手监督下方可进行。

The reduction reaction and the chemical reaction will release electrons into the leaked material, thereby reducing its harm.  A solution that can be treated by a reduction reaction is a solution of heavy metal, such as mercury, lead or chromium.  However, the reduction reaction is as difficult to control as an oxidation reaction, and a large amount of heat, toxic intermediates and toxic gases can be produced during the reaction process. If a reduction reaction is used to deal with a large number of leaks, the executor must be trained, or under the supervision of a chemical expert.

4.吸索方法

4. suction method

吸索剂时经常会使用处理液态化学品的泄漏。在使用吸索剂前，应了解吸索剂是否可与泄漏物相容。市面上有很多化学吸索剂套件可供选择，而有关化学品供应供应商亦会备有专用化学吸索剂套件;然而，在大多数情况下，清洁及干燥的沙乃是广泛被采用的吸索剂。有关人员应注意，虽然木屑可有效作为吸索剂，但决不可用作处理活性及氧化物质，控防造成爆炸。此外，使用吸索剂后，有关泄漏物质的化学特性并没有改变，工作人员应小心处理。

Leakage of liquid chemicals is often used when absorbing agents. Before the use of the absorption agent, it should be understood whether the absorption agent can be compatible with the leakage. There are many chemical absorber packages available on the market, and chemicals suppliers will also have special chemical absorption kit. However, in most cases, clean and dry sand is widely used as a suction agent. It should be noted that, although wood chips can be used as absorbent, it will never be used to deal with active and oxidizing substances and control the explosion. In addition, the chemical properties of the leaked material have not changed after the use of the absorption agent, and the staff should be treated carefully.